Count the six Lee risk factors to estimate major cardiac complications after major non-cardiac surgery.
Result
How to use this tool
Answer yes or no for the three main factors.
Open advanced options for the remaining three factors.
Read the factor count and class.
Read the published population risk for that class.
Formula & worked example
A patient with ischaemic heart disease, insulin-treated diabetes and creatinine above 2.0 has 3 factors, class IV, about 11% published risk.
Limitations — read this before you rely on it
Population rates from a 1999 cohort; modern anaesthesia, surgery and treatment have shifted risks, and rates are not personal predictions. This tool is for education only and is not medical advice. Talk to a clinician about any result that worries you, and never change treatment because of a calculator result.
Frequently asked questions
A six-factor index by Lee (1999) estimating major cardiac complications after major non-cardiac surgery.
Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic and suprainguinal vascular surgery.
Prior myocardial infarction, positive exercise test, ischaemic chest pain, nitrate therapy or pathological Q waves.
No. It means lower cardiac risk in the study population; other surgical risks still apply.
No. It is a screening aid; high-risk patients still need clinical assessment.